COP (Conference of the Parties) is the highest-level global climate summit held annually under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was adopted in 1992. Bringing together heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society representatives from around the world, COP serves as the primary platform for negotiating and advancing collective action to combat climate change. COP31 marks the 31st session of this global process and will be hosted by Türkiye in 2026.